Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (Vincent et al., 1996): six organ systems —
respiration, coagulation, liver, cardiovascular, central nervous system, and renal — each scored
0–4, for a total of 0–24. Includes mortality bands, ΔSOFA trend tracking, and the
Sepsis-3 flag. Unit toggles for bilirubin/creatinine (mg/dL ↔ µmol/L) and PaO2 (mmHg ↔ kPa).
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For healthcare professionals — not medical advice. This is an
educational calculation aid; it is not a diagnosis and not a substitute for clinical judgment. It must
not be used for self-diagnosis or self-triage. Sepsis and organ failure are medical emergencies —
seek immediate clinical assessment, or call your local emergency number (for example 119 in
Indonesia).
Interactive SOFA scorer
Use the worst value for each parameter over a 24-hour period (per the original method).
The score updates live as you type. Vasopressor doses, urine output, and baseline are optional.
1. Respiration PaO2 / FiO2
with unit
% inspired O2 (21–100).
2. Coagulation platelets
×10³/µL — 0 pt if >150; 1 if ≤150; 2 if ≤100; 3 if ≤50; 4 if ≤20
3. Liver bilirubin
with unit
— mg/dL rows: <1.2 / 1.2–1.9 / 2.0–5.9 / 6.0–11.9 / >12
4. Cardiovascular MAP or vasopressors
mmHg — 0 pt if ≥70; 1 pt if <70 (only when no vasopressor)
µg/kg/min — ≤5 → 2 pt; >5 → 3 pt; >15 → 4 pt
µg/kg/min — any dose → 2 pt
µg/kg/min — ≤0.1 → 3 pt; >0.1 → 4 pt
µg/kg/min — ≤0.1 → 3 pt; >0.1 → 4 pt
If any vasopressor is running, the vasopressor row determines the score (always ≥ 2 points).
5. Central nervous system Glasgow Coma Scale
3–15 — 15→0; 13–14→1; 10–12→2; 6–9→3; <6→4.
If sedated, estimate the assumed GCS off sedatives.
Verbal "T" (intubated) counts as V=1.
6. Renal creatinine or urine output
with unit
— mg/dL rows: <1.2 / 1.2–1.9 / 2.0–3.4 / 3.5–4.9 / >4.9
→ — — <500 mL/24h → 3 pt; <200 → 4 pt. The worse of creatinine/urine output is used.
Trend — ΔSOFA optional
0–24 — earlier score to compare against
0 / 24
Low
Organ system
Score
Respiration — PaO2/FiO2
0 pt
Coagulation — platelets
0 pt
Liver — bilirubin
0 pt
Cardiovascular — MAP / vasopressors
0 pt
Central nervous system — GCS
0 pt
Renal — creatinine / urine output
0 pt
For healthcare professionals — not medical advice. Mortality bands
are population-level estimates from the validation cohorts, not predictions for an individual patient.
Serial scores are more informative than a single value; always apply clinical judgment.
Worked examples (recomputed from the frozen oracle)
All values normal → SOFA 0 of 24
A patient with normal values in every system scores 0 in all six systems.
Respiration (PaO2/FiO2): 0 pt
Coagulation (platelets): 0 pt
Liver (bilirubin): 0 pt
Cardiovascular: 0 pt
CNS (GCS): 0 pt
Renal (creatinine / urine output): 0 pt
Total 0 of 24 → Low (approximate ICU mortality <10% in the validation cohorts). Score recomputed by the frozen oracle (vectors.json).
Worst case → SOFA 24 of 24
Maximum dysfunction in every system: 4 points × 6 systems.
Respiration (PaO2/FiO2): 4 pt
Coagulation (platelets): 4 pt
Liver (bilirubin): 4 pt
Cardiovascular: 4 pt
CNS (GCS): 4 pt
Renal (creatinine / urine output): 4 pt
Total 24 of 24 → Severe (approximate ICU mortality >80% in the validation cohorts). Score recomputed by the frozen oracle (vectors.json).
Mixed dysfunction → SOFA 9 of 24
Moderate multi-system dysfunction across all six systems.
Respiration (PaO2/FiO2): 2 pt
Coagulation (platelets): 1 pt
Liver (bilirubin): 2 pt
Cardiovascular: 1 pt
CNS (GCS): 2 pt
Renal (creatinine / urine output): 1 pt
Total 9 of 24 → Moderate (approximate ICU mortality 15–20% in the validation cohorts). Score recomputed by the frozen oracle (vectors.json).
Per Vincent JL et al., Intensive Care Medicine 1996;22(7):707–710, Table 1
(multicenter prospective validation 1998). Each system is scored from the worst value in a 24-hour period;
if a parameter fits more than one row, the highest-scoring row is used. Scores 1–2 indicate organ
dysfunction, scores 3–4 indicate organ failure.
System
0
1
2
3
4
Respiration PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg)
> 400
≤ 400
≤ 300
≤ 200 with support
≤ 100 with support
Coagulation Platelets ×10³/µL
> 150
≤ 150
≤ 100
≤ 50
≤ 20
Liver Bilirubin (mg/dL)
< 1.2
1.2–1.9
2.0–5.9
6.0–11.9
> 12
Liver Bilirubin (µmol/L)
< 20
20–32
33–101
102–204
> 204
Cardiovascular
MAP ≥ 70
MAP < 70
dopamine ≤ 5 or dobutamine
dopamine > 5 or epi ≤ 0.1 or norepi ≤ 0.1
dopamine > 15 or epi > 0.1 or norepi > 0.1
CNS Glasgow Coma Scale
15
13–14
10–12
6–9
< 6
Renal Creatinine (mg/dL)
< 1.2
1.2–1.9
2.0–3.4
3.5–4.9
> 4.9
Renal Creatinine (µmol/L)
< 110
110–170
171–299
300–440
> 440
Renal Urine output (mL/day)
≥ 500
—
< 500
< 200
Mortality bands (validation cohorts; Ferreira et al., JAMA 2001): 0–6
below 10%; 7–9 about 15–20%; 10–12 about 40–50%; 13–14 about 50–60%;
15–24 above 80%. Unit notes: 1 mg/dL bilirubin = 17.1 µmol/L; 1 mg/dL creatinine =
88.4 µmol/L. PaO2 in kPa uses thresholds 53.3 / 40.0 / 26.7 / 13.3 kPa (= mmHg rows ÷
7.500616827, rounded to one decimal). The calculator compares in the entered unit so the displayed
thresholds are exact. Vasopressor doses are in µg/kg/min; a blank dose means not administered.
Scope boundary: what this tool is (and isn't)
This tool = the full adult SOFA score. Six organ systems with laboratory values,
0–24 points, mortality bands, ΔSOFA trend, and the Sepsis-3 flag.
NOT qSOFA. qSOFA is the three-variable bedside screen (RR, mentation, SBP; 0–3 points,
no labs) — a prompt to consider sepsis outside the ICU, explicitly not a replacement for SOFA.
Use our qSOFA calculator for that.
NOT mSOFA / pSOFA. Modified SOFA (mostly clinical variables) and pediatric SOFA
(age-adjusted) are separate instruments and are not computed here.
Adults only. SOFA was developed and validated in adult ICU patients; do not apply it to
children.
For healthcare professionals. Not for self-diagnosis or self-triage — see the FAQ.
SOFA stands for Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. It is a scoring system developed by Vincent et al. (Intensive Care Medicine, 1996) and validated in a multicenter prospective study (1998) to describe the degree of organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. Six organ systems — respiration, coagulation, liver, cardiovascular, central nervous system, and renal — are each scored 0 to 4, for a total of 0 to 24. Higher scores reflect greater organ dysfunction. The score was designed to describe organ dysfunction rather than to predict mortality directly, but higher scores correlate strongly with ICU mortality.
How is the SOFA score calculated?
Each of the six systems is scored 0–4 from the worst value in a 24-hour period, then summed: respiration from the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (scores 3–4 require respiratory support); coagulation from the platelet count; liver from bilirubin; cardiovascular from mean arterial pressure (MAP) or vasopressor doses in µg/kg/min; central nervous system from the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); renal from creatinine or urine output (the worse of the two). If a parameter fits more than one row, the row with the highest score is used. This calculator applies the exact thresholds from the original Vincent 1996 table — see the methodology section.
What does my SOFA score mean? What is the mortality for each score?
In the SOFA validation cohorts (Vincent et al. 1996; Ferreira et al., JAMA 2001), approximate ICU mortality by score band was: 0–6 below 10%; 7–9 about 15–20%; 10–12 about 40–50%; 13–14 about 50–60%; 15–24 above 80%. These are population-level estimates from the validation cohorts — they are not predictions for an individual patient and must not replace clinical judgment. Serial scores are more informative than a single value.
What is ΔSOFA and how does it relate to the Sepsis-3 definition of sepsis?
ΔSOFA is the change in SOFA score from a baseline value. Under the Sepsis-3 definitions (Singer et al., JAMA 2016), an acute increase of ≥ 2 SOFA points in a patient with suspected infection is the clinical criterion for sepsis. Beyond diagnosis, the trend matters prognostically: in the validation cohorts, a rising SOFA during the first 48 hours in the ICU — independent of the initial score — was associated with at least 50% ICU mortality, while a falling score was associated with markedly lower mortality (~27%). Enter a baseline score above to see the ΔSOFA for the current calculation.
How is the full SOFA score different from qSOFA?
They answer different questions. The full SOFA score evaluates six organ systems (0–24 points, requires laboratory results) and is the stronger prognostic tool — a SOFA increase of ≥ 2 points in suspected infection is the Sepsis-3 clinical criterion for sepsis. qSOFA (quick SOFA) is a three-variable bedside screen (respiratory rate, mentation, systolic blood pressure; 0–3 points, no labs) designed as a fast prompt to consider sepsis outside the ICU — explicitly not a replacement for the full SOFA score. Try our qSOFA calculator for the rapid screen.
Why do SOFA scores 3 and 4 for breathing require respiratory support?
That is how the original Vincent 1996 table defines the rows: PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 scores 3 points and ≤ 100 scores 4 points only “with respiratory support” (including CPAP or mechanical ventilation). A low ratio without support falls back to 2 points (the ≤ 300 row). Tick the support checkbox only if the patient is actually receiving respiratory support; the calculator applies the fallback automatically.
How do blood pressure and vasopressors interact in the cardiovascular score?
The cardiovascular system is scored from MAP or vasopressor requirement, whichever gives the higher row: MAP ≥ 70 mmHg scores 0; MAP < 70 scores 1; dopamine ≤5 µg/kg/min or dobutamine at any dose scores 2; dopamine >5 or epinephrine ≤0.1 or norepinephrine ≤0.1 scores 3; dopamine >15 or epinephrine >0.1 or norepinephrine >0.1 scores 4. If any vasopressor is running, the vasopressor row determines the score (it is always ≥ 2). Leave a vasopressor field blank if it is not administered.
Which units can I use for PaO2, bilirubin, and creatinine?
PaO2/FiO2 accepts mmHg or kPa (thresholds 400/300/200/100 mmHg correspond to 53.3/40.0/26.7/13.3 kPa). Bilirubin accepts mg/dL or µmol/L (1 mg/dL = 17.1 µmol/L; the µmol/L rows <20 / 20–32 / 33–101 / 102–204 / >204 come straight from the original paper). Creatinine accepts mg/dL or µmol/L (1 mg/dL = 88.4 µmol/L; paper rows <110 / 110–170 / 171–299 / 300–440 / >440). Urine output is entered as mL collected over a number of hours and converted to mL/24 h.
Can the SOFA score be used in children?
No — the SOFA score was developed and validated in adults and has not been validated in children. A pediatric adaptation (pSOFA) exists with age-adjusted thresholds, as does a modified SOFA (mSOFA) using mostly clinical variables; this calculator implements the original adult SOFA only and should not be applied to paediatric patients.
Is this calculator medical advice?
No. This is an educational calculation aid for healthcare professionals — not medical advice, not a diagnosis, and not a substitute for clinical judgment. It must not be used for self-diagnosis or self-triage. Sepsis and organ failure are medical emergencies: seek immediate clinical assessment, or call your local emergency number (for example 119 in Indonesia).
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