MOA Calculator — Minute of Angle for Scope Correction, Clicks & Conversions
MOA = Minute of Angle (1/60 of a degree). This free MOA calculator (a minute of angle calculator that works like a pocket MOA calculator app, but in your browser) converts your impact offset into an MOA correction and scope turret clicks, converts MOA to inches or centimeters at any distance, converts MOA to MRAD (mil), estimates range with an MOA reticle, and gives you a full MOA subtension table. Everything runs in your browser — no data leaves your device.
Educational tool for sport optics. MOA math here is pure angle geometry for target-sport scope zeroing and reticle reading. It does not model bullet drop, wind, or ballistics. Always follow your range's safety rules and local laws.
Scope correction calculator: offset → MOA → clicks
Measure how far your shot group lands from the point of aim, and get the MOA correction plus turret clicks to zero the scope — an MOA adjustment calculator you can also use as a scope zeroing calculator: measure, dial, confirm. With a 1/4-MOA turret, clicks per inch at 100 yards is about 4.
MOA ↔ inches / cm converter
Two-way MOA to inches calculator: convert MOA to inches at 100 yards (or any distance), or convert a linear size back to MOA. Switch to metric for the MOA to cm at 100 meters version. How many cm is 1 MOA at 100 meters? 2.9089 cm — try it below.
Reverse: linear size → MOA
Scope click calculator: MOA to clicks and clicks to MOA
An MOA scope click calculator for any turret.
How to convert MOA to clicks: divide the MOA correction by your turret click value. This 1/4 MOA clicks calculator also handles 1/8, 1/2 and 1 MOA turrets, plus the reverse scope adjustment calculator direction (clicks to MOA).
Reverse: scope clicks to MOA
MOA ↔ MRAD (mil) converter
MOA vs MRAD (mil) explained: 1 milliradian = 3.43775 MOA, so how many MOA in a mil? 3.43775 — converting 1 mil to MOA is just multiply by 3.43775. This MRAD to MOA converter works both ways — a full MOA to MRAD converter. Scopes are either MOA or MRAD — never mix systems on one rifle. (MOA vs mil is the same question as MOA vs MRAD.)
MOA group size calculator: shot-group size → MOA
What is sub MOA (sub-MOA)? Enter your group below — under 1.000 MOA means sub-MOA.
MOA subtension table
MOA chart: linear size of 1 MOA at each distance (true MOA). Read 1 MOA at 200 yards, 1 MOA at 300 yards, and out to 1,000 in this MOA subtension chart — an MOA table in yards (toggle for meters).
| Distance | 1 MOA | 2 MOA | 5 MOA | 10 MOA |
|---|
Range estimation with an MOA reticle
Know the target's real size? Measure how many MOA it spans in your reticle to estimate distance — this is how to range with MOA reticle marks. The MOA range estimation formula is shown under the result.
Minutes of angle explained: what 1 MOA looks like
For a fixed angle, the covered width grows in direct proportion to distance: width = distance × tan(angle). At 1 MOA the small-angle approximation is exact to 6 decimals, so coverage is effectively distance / 95.5 in matching units.
Worked example
Methodology & formulas
- MOA formula / definition: 1 MOA = 1/60 degree = π/(60×180) radians. MOA to degrees: divide MOA by 60.
- True MOA subtension:
size = MOA × (distance/100) × 1.0471976″(imperial) or× 2.9088822 cm(metric per 100 m). - Shooter’s MOA: same formula with 1.0000″ per 100 yd (4.7% approximation).
- Correction:
MOA = offset / (1-MOA value at distance), thenclicks = MOA / click value, rounded to whole clicks. - MOA ↔ MRAD:
1 mrad = 3.4377468 MOA. - Range:
distance = target size × 100 / (measured MOA × 1-MOA value).
Scope boundary: which tool for which question
This tool covers minute of angle: scope-click correction, MOA↔inches/cm, MOA↔MRAD, group size in MOA, and MOA range estimation.
- Archery ballistics (arrow speed, kinetic energy) → arrow-speed
- General linear unit conversion without angles is out of scope here — this page is only about the angular MOA system.
MOA questions, answered
What is MOA (Minute of Angle)?
MOA stands for Minute of Angle: 1 MOA is 1/60 of one degree. In shooting sports it is used as an angular unit. So what does MOA mean in practice — the MOA meaning in shooting because an angular measurement automatically scales with distance — 1 MOA always covers the same angle whether the target is 50 or 1,000 yards away. Mathematically, 1 MOA subtends about 1.047 inches at 100 yards (2.91 cm at 100 meters).
How many inches is 1 MOA at 100 yards?
1 MOA equals 1.0472 inches at 100 yards using true MOA. Because the relationship is linear, it is 2.094 inches at 200 yards, 3.142 inches at 300 yards, and so on — multiply 1.0472 by the distance in hundreds of yards. The common shortcut "1 inch at 100 yards" is a 4.7% approximation called shooter's MOA (S-MOA).
How do I convert an impact offset into an MOA correction?
Divide the offset by the value of 1 MOA at that distance. Example (the classic scope adjustment calculator problem): your group lands 3 inches low at 200 yards, where 1 MOA = 2.094 inches, so the correction is 3 / 2.094 = 1.43 MOA up. Then divide by your turret's click value (for example 1/4 MOA per click) to get 5.73 clicks — round to 6 clicks up.
How many clicks is 1 MOA on a scope turret?
It depends on the turret's click value. On the most common 1/4-MOA turret, 1 MOA = 4 clicks; on a 1/8-MOA turret it is 8 clicks; on a 1/2-MOA turret it is 2 clicks. Clicks = MOA correction / click value — that is the whole MOA turret calculator in one line. Our click calculator tab does this both ways, including rounding to whole clicks.
What is the difference between MOA and MRAD (mil)?
Both are angular units used on scope turrets and reticles. 1 milliradian (mrad, or "mil") equals 3.43775 MOA, and 1 MOA equals 0.2909 mrad. MRAD is base-10 friendly (1 mrad = 10 cm at 100 m), while MOA is the traditional US system (about 1 inch per 100 yards). The two systems are incompatible — a scope is either MOA or MRAD, so confirm which yours uses before dialing.
What is the difference between true MOA and shooter's MOA?
True MOA is the exact angular unit: 1.0472 inches at 100 yards. Shooter's MOA (S-MOA, also called IPHY — inches per hundred yards) rounds that to exactly 1 inch at 100 yards for mental math. The 4.7% error is negligible at short range but compounds at long range: a 20-MOA correction at 1,000 yards differs by nearly 10 inches. Use true MOA for precision work. (IPHY vs true MOA is the same 4.7% question.)
What does "sub-MOA" mean for a rifle or group?
Sub-MOA meaning: a sub-MOA rifle or group produces groups smaller than 1 MOA — under 1.047 inches at 100 yards. Group size in MOA = group size in inches / 1.0472 (at 100 yards; scale the denominator with distance). It is a precision claim about the hardware and load, not a guarantee of field accuracy.
How do I estimate range using an MOA reticle?
If you know the target's true size, measure how many MOA it spans in your reticle, then distance = size x 100 / (MOA x value of 1 MOA per 100 units). In yards with inches: distance (yd) = target inches x 95.5 / measured MOA. In meters with centimeters: distance (m) = target cm x 34.38 / measured MOA. Estimation accuracy depends on knowing the true target size and reading the reticle precisely.
How do I zero a scope using MOA clicks?
Here is how to zero a scope with MOA clicks. Fire a group at a known distance, measure how far the group's center is from your point of aim (vertical and horizontal), convert each offset to MOA using the value of 1 MOA at that distance, then dial that many clicks in the opposite direction of the error (impact low: dial up; impact right: dial left). Confirm with a second group before trusting the zero.
What are MOA "come-ups" and holdover?
MOA come-ups are the MOA corrections dialed on the elevation turret to compensate for bullet drop. A MOA come ups chart simply tabulates these values per distance; a MOA holdover chart instead lists reticle hold points at longer distances. Holdover is the alternative: instead of dialing, you aim higher using the MOA (or mil) marks on the reticle — for example holding 2 MOA high. Both use the same angular math; dialing is more precise, holding is faster.
Why does MOA scale linearly with distance?
Because MOA is an angle. For a fixed angle, the arc length (or target coverage) grows proportionally with distance: coverage = distance x tan(angle). At the small angles used in shooting, tan is nearly linear, so 1 MOA is 1.047 inches at 100 yards, 2.094 at 200, 10.472 at 1,000 — simply multiply by distance.
How many MOA are in one degree?
60 — MOA literally means minute of arc, and there are 60 arc-minutes in one degree. A full circle is 21,600 MOA. This is the same minute-of-angle used in astronomy and navigation, not something invented for shooting.
Is MOA better than MRAD for long-range shooting?
Neither is inherently more precise — both are just angular units, and 0.1 mrad (~0.34 MOA) and 1/4 MOA (~0.07 mrad) turrets both resolve fine adjustments. MRAD is simpler for metric shooters (1 mrad = 10 cm at 100 m); MOA feels natural in yards/inches. Match your reticle to your turret (MOA/MOA or MRAD/MRAD) — mixing systems is the real mistake.
Is this MOA calculator free, and does it send my data anywhere?
Yes — this MOA calculator is free and runs 100% in your browser. There are no accounts, no uploads, and no external requests: every calculation (corrections, clicks, conversions, tables) is done locally with JavaScript on your device.
Can this tool replace a ballistic solver for bullet drop?
No. This tool converts between angles (MOA/MRAD), linear offsets, and turret clicks — it does not model bullet drop, wind drift, or ballistics. For drop and windage tables you need a ballistic solver with your cartridge's muzzle velocity and ballistic coefficient; use this calculator to translate that solver's output into clicks.
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