How to Convert Text to Binary & Binary to Text
Computers do not understand human language natively. Underneath every screen, operating system, and database, every letter, number, and punctuation mark is converted into electric switch pulses: 0 (off / low voltage) and 1 (on / high voltage). This base-2 numeral system is known as binary code.
Letter ("A") → ASCII Code (65) → 8-Bit Binary (01000001)
Calculation: 65 = 64 + 1 = (0 × 128) + (1 × 64) + (0 × 32) + (0 × 16) + (0 × 8) + (0 × 4) + (0 × 2) + (1 × 1) = 01000001
How to Read and Translate Binary Code Back to Text
To convert an arbitrary string of binary digits into English words:
- Group into 8-Bit Bytes: Divide the sequence into chunks of 8 characters (e.g.,
01001000 01101001). - Calculate the Decimal Value: Add the positional values for each 1 bit (128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1).
- Lookup in the ASCII Table: Match the decimal sum to its corresponding letter or character.
The Structure of an 8-Bit Byte
A single byte comprises 8 binary digits (bits), capable of expressing $2^8 = 256$ distinct values (from 0 to 255). Standard ASCII uses values 0 through 127 for English letters, digits, and control signals, while extended ASCII and modern UTF-8 utilize multi-byte sequences to encode emojis and international alphabets.